Research Methods
The tools that keep a study fair
Methodology is the set of choices that protect results from chance and expectation.
- 01
Randomization
Using chance to decide who goes into which study group, which helps keep groups balanced.
- Simple randomization
- Block randomization
- Stratified randomization
- 02
Controls
A comparison group gives researchers a reference point to see whether an approach makes a difference.
- Placebo control
- Active comparator
- Usual care comparison
- 03
Placebo Concepts
A placebo looks like the real thing but has no active ingredient, helping separate real effects from expectations.
- The placebo effect
- When placebos are used
- Why ethics boards review them
- 04
Blinding
Keeping volunteers, researchers, or both unaware of group assignments so expectations do not shape results.
- Single blind
- Double blind
- Open label